What is the maximum approved runway slope for takeoff and landing?

The maximum approved runway slope for takeoff and landing being 2% uphill is based on safety and performance considerations for aircraft operations. A slight uphill slope can help aircraft during the takeoff phase by providing additional lift at the start of their journey, allowing for an earlier transition to flying. This is particularly advantageous in reducing the required runway length, which can be crucial in certain scenarios.

Most regulatory standards identify a 2% uphill slope as the maximum because it ensures aircraft performance remains within safe operational limits. While steeper slopes might be theoretically manageable for some aircraft, they could introduce significant risks and challenges during takeoff and landing, particularly for heavier aircraft, or under various weather conditions.

Uphill slopes are not commonly encountered, which makes them a crucial consideration in runway design and aircraft operational guidelines, helping to maintain safety as a priority in aviation.